Befolkningen växte stadigt i flera decennier och kontinenten utforskades och ytterligare fem självstyrande kronkolonier etablerades. Den 1 januari blev de sex kolonierna en federation som utgjorde Samväldet Australien.
Man har sedan dess haft ett stabilt liberalt demokratiskt politiskt system som fungerar som en federal parlamentarisk demokrati och konstitutionell monarki.
Australien är ett väl industrialiserat land , är världens trettonde största ekonomi och har världens sjunde högsta inkomst per capita.
Landets militära utgifter är världens tolfte största. Namnet Australien kommer av det latinska ordet australis , som betyder sydlig.
Av tasmanierna , som var 5 , dog den sista, en kvinna som hette Truganini, Efter skedde en stor invandring av britter som ett resultat av ullindustrin och guldrusher.
Statsöverhuvud är drottning Elizabeth II , som representeras av en generalguvernör. I september blev Quentin Bryce landets första kvinnliga generalguvernör.
Partiet med majoritet i representanthuset bildar regering. Det finns tre större politiska partier: Australien har obligatoriskt valdeltagande med undantag för South Australia.
Det finns även mindre territorier som administreras direkt av den federala statsmakten. Varje delstat och större fastlandsterritorium har sitt eget lagstiftande parlament: Drottningen representeras i varje delstat av en guvernör , en administratör i Northern Territory och en general-guvernör i ACT.
Övriga mer eller mindre befolkade externa territorier är Norfolkön , Julön , Heard- och McDonaldöarna , Kokosöarna , Ashmore- och Cartieröarna , Korallhavsöarna och Australiens antarktiska territorium.
Australien är en medlem av Samväldet tidigare brittiska samväldet där möten mellan medlemsstaternas ledare skapar ett forum för samarbete.
I budgeten för fanns 2,5 miljarder dollar avsatt för hjälpinsatser. Medan generalguvernören tekniskt sett är överbefälhavare över försvaret har han eller hon ingen aktiv roll i praktiken.
Istället kontrolleras försvaret av den valda australiska regeringen. Mount Augustus , världens största monolit , [ 35 ] ligger i Western Australia.
Australiens sand är röd tack vare korroderad malm och metaller. Australien är världens torraste och plattaste bebodda kontinent, och har de äldsta och minst bördiga jordarna.
Wollte in den nächsten Jahren nach Byron Bay fliegen und erstmal Urlaub machen. Habe mir halt vorgenommen, wenn es dort schön ist, dort zu bleiben.
Wärt ihr schon Mal in Australien und habt das gesehen? Was sind die wichtigsten Probleme Australiens? Eine Seite wär auch nett. Vom Fragesteller als hilfreich ausgezeichnet.
Und das ist wirklich kein Scherz, die haben eine riesige Krötenplage! Die perfekteste Antwort von allen! Da ist nichts mehr hinzuzufügen.
Warum ist ausgerechnet im Südosten Australiens Schaf- und Rinderhaltung möglich? To raise public awareness, Australian Quarantine has featured Australian celebrity nature lover Steve Irwin on a series of television commercials, with the message Quarantine — Don't mess with it.
Several scientific bodies are involved in research for the control of invasive species. The CSIRO has released several successful biological pest control agents and developed chemical agents for pest and weed control.
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease escaped containment from an Australian Government research facility and spread across Australia.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease was subsequently legalised for the control of wild rabbits. The moth Cactoblastis cactorum was introduced for the control of prickly pear, and the salvinia weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae for the control of aquatic weed Salvinia.
More doubtful biological controls were the cane toad , which was introduced to control the sugar cane destroying cane beetle; instead the cane toad ate anything and everything else—the beetle was not its preferred food source given choice.
The cane toad in Australia has become the biological control that is most infamous for having been a complete failure as well as becoming an environmental nightmare.
Walter Froggatt , and economic entomologist, warned of this likelihood at the time. Another example of a poorly researched introduced biological control is the sap sucking lantana bug Aconophora compressa also from South America that was introduced into Australia in the to eat the lantana.
Unfortunately, the lantana bug also attacks other trees including fiddlewood trees which has caused distress to some gardeners.
The lantana bug had been tested for six years on 62 different plants. Aconophora compressa was the 28th insect introduced to control lantana in about 80 years.
George Bornemissza of CSIRO's Division of Entomology, introduced 23 species of dung beetle to Australia in order to biologically control the pestilent population of bush flies.
These flies, along with other species of fly and parasitic worm, use the dung as a breeding and feeding ground. Cooperative Research Centres for weed management and pest animal control, have been established by the federal government.
They coordinate research and funding between a number of university and government labs for research into control of invasive species.
Non government organisations have also been established to fight invasive species, for example, the Invasive Species Council ISC. Volunteer groups, such as SPRATS , have also made very significant contributions to fighting invasive species, in their case removing sea spurge from large areas of Tasmanian coastline.
The World Trade Organisation specified quarantine regulations are weaker than Australia's fairly stringent regulations controlling the importing of raw produce.
Following Australia's membership of the WTO, many forms of raw produce once banned have commenced import, with potentially adverse effects and controversy; for example, regarding proposals to import apples from New Zealand [28] or bananas from the Philippines.
Australian quarantine regulations such as those limiting banana imports from developing economies have been recognised as protectionist trade barriers by economists including Kevin Fox, head of Economics at the Australian School of Business.
The weakening of restrictions on importing raw produce into Australia mandated by the World Trade Organisation Future may pose risks of introducing exotic disease organisms.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. List of introduced fish in Australia.
Retrieved 22 November Journal of Mammalian Evolution Retrieved 17 July European red fox Vulpes vulpes " PDF. Department of the Environment and Heritage Australia.
Archived from the original PDF on 22 September Retrieved 10 May Retrieved 17 October The feral cat Felis catus " PDF.
Archived from the original PDF on 11 October Archived from the original PDF on 18 June Retrieved 27 December The feral pig Sus scrofa " PDF.
Archived from the original PDF on 5 March Retrieved 6 December Retrieved 28 March Archived from the original on 6 August Archived from the original PDF on 3 June Archived from the original on Archived from the original on 27 June The Changing Definition of Weeds in Australia".
Retrieved 18 October Retrieved 6 July
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